Just like any other natural gemstone, emeralds must be judged by the type and severity of flaws as well as the transparency present in each stone. Clarity refers to the internal flaws (inclusions) and external flaws (blemishes) while transparency is graded from highly transparent through opaque. In the simplest terms possible, here are the acceptable flaws and optimum transparency in determining emeralds value

Clarity: There are many types of flaws in emeralds, most of which are acceptable. If, however, the flaw mars the purity and uniformity of color, or if the severity of inclusion is so severe as to endanger the stone’s durability, you should consider another stone. So, be on the lookout for cracks (feathers) that run deep into the stone. Also watch for "color-zoning" which detracts from a brilliant, uniform color. There are also "liquid inclusions" that are actually holes within the stone filled with fluid. These are okay as long as they don’t give the gem a milky appearance.

Transparency: The reason transparency and clarity are factored together is that flaws will affect the amount of light that passes through the stone. You are looking for a gem through which light passes easily without turning cloudy, milky or hazy.

To examine an emerald for clarity and transparency, follow these easy steps:

1. Wipe the stone with a soft cloth and view it under fluorescent, overhead lighting both with the naked eye and with the assistance of a 10X magnifying loupe.
2. Look at the stone from all angles making sure to let light reflect off the surface. Such reflection can reveal dangerous cracks
3. Remember that just because a particular emerald might exhibit perfect color, if it is less than semi-transparent bordering on opaque, the color factor is moot.
4. When shopping for top quality gemstones, it is always best to purchase loose stones and have them set yourself. Prongs and other settings can hide flaws and make close examination very difficult
5. Keep in mind, the cut of the stone effects clarity. Always compare similar cuts with one another
6. After observing the stone under overhead lighting, ask to see the stone under diffused lighting shining up diagonally through the bottom of the stone. This reveals some inclusions you may miss with overhead lighting.
7. Also remember that lighter stones will exhibit better clarity than darker stones. This does not mean the lighter stone is higher quality, so compare darker stones with darker stones.

Answer to quiz: b